In the intricate ecosystem of building management, where the interplay between HVAC system performance and indoor environmental quality (IEQ) directly impacts occupant health, productivity, and operational costs, air duct cleanliness emerges as a critical yet frequently undervalued parameter. Air ducts, the circulatory network of conditioned air distribution, are engineered to facilitate efficient airflow between HVAC…

In the high-stakes environment of metal fabrication, where precision finishing meets industrial hygiene requirements, the performance of ventilation systems directly impacts operational safety, product quality, and regulatory compliance. Metal buffing operations—whether polishing stainless steel components, automotive parts, or aerospace alloys—generate a cascade of airborne contaminants: fine metal particulates (often <5 μm in diameter), abrasive dust…